Part 5/8:
Marx argues that the “commodity” is the essential unit within capitalist economies. It serves as a focal point that encapsulates both exchange value and use value. Exchange value relates to the profit motive—a commodity’s potential for profit upon sale. In contrast, use value designates the practical utility of a commodity. An essential element of understanding commodities comes from distinguishing these two values: in capitalism, exchange value often overshadows use value, which can lead to a distorted understanding of worth and labor.
Through this lens, commodities evolve to symbolize capitalist transactions rather than human needs. The shape of society's values shifts to prioritize profit, relegating human welfare into the background.