Part 2/9:
Moore’s Law, proposed by Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel, observed that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles approximately every two years. This has been a critical factor in the exponential growth of computing capabilities. In the 1970s, microchips contained around 5,000 transistors; today, that figure exceeds 50 billion. Yet, as with all exponential growth trajectories, there are limits. Eventually, this trend is bound to hit physical constraints—transistors cannot be reduced indefinitely. When they reach sizes comparable to atoms, the nuances of quantum mechanics begin to disrupt their functionality.