Part 10/19:
Born in 1596 in France, René Descartes is often referred to as the father of modern philosophy. His work laid the groundwork for analytical geometry and calculus, influencing mathematics, science, and philosophy. Descartes’ famous assertion, “Cogito, ergo sum” (“I think, therefore I am”), articulates the importance of self-awareness as a foundation for knowledge.
He introduced the notion of Cartesian dualism, indicating a sharp distinction between mind and body. His methods of doubt and rational inquiry have had a lasting impact on the development of modern science and philosophy.