Part 2/9:
A qubit, short for quantum bit, is the fundamental unit of quantum information. Unlike classical bits, which exist in a state of either 0 or 1, qubits can exist in multiple states simultaneously due to superposition. Researchers are pioneering various approaches to creating qubits, one of which involves using the outermost electron of a phosphorus atom bonded to a silicon crystal.
The Role of Electrons in Qubits
The phosphorus atom’s outer electron possesses a magnetic dipole known as spin, which can orient itself either up or down. These orientations are analogous to the binary states of classical bits. Distinguishing between these spin states requires a strong magnetic field, achievable through a superconducting magnet.