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Consciousness presents itself as a complex enigma within the material realm. How can consciousness emerge from mere matter? This transformation—where biological processes give rise to subjective experience—seems almost miraculous. The dichotomy between physical reality (as dictated by physical laws) and the phenomenon of consciousness raises critical questions about the fundamentals of existence.
The Mind-Body Problem: Dualism vs. Materialism
Philosophical discussions surrounding consciousness often pivot on two predominant theories: dualism and materialism. Dualists argue for the existence of two distinct realms—one mental and the other physical. This perspective bifurcates consciousness from the physical processes of the brain, positing a non-material essence.