Part 5/10:
One defining feature of the Tiandihui was its initiation ceremonies, filled with oaths and symbolic acts. New members would swear allegiance under crossed swords, believing any betrayal would result in their demise. Rituals involving sacred incense and secret hand signals ensured members could recognize each other while staying under the radar of Qing enforcement.
As the Tiandihui spread throughout China, they began to interact with various bandit networks and offer economic support in exchange for loyalty and protection. By the 19th century, they had developed into a complex social structure entrenched in local communities.