Part 7/9:
To further solidify Bell's argument against hidden variables, we can perform an experiment using polarized light. When pairs of entangled photons are created, their polarizations are measured independently by two observers, Alice and Bob, each with different polarizers (vertical, 120°, or 240°). Under the scenario that hidden variables are present, we would expect a certain correlation based on deterministic outcomes.
However, experimentally, the correlations observed actually surpass those predicted by classical probability theories, particularly in how often both observers would measure the same result when they have different polarizer settings. Ultimately, it has been found that the collected data resulted in outcomes that contradicted the expectations set by hidden variable theories.