Part 11/13:
The European landscape offers a counter-narrative. Hypermarkets, similar to big box stores, exist in suburbs but are regulated to prevent the systemic destruction of local businesses. Loss leaders are illegal, and urban planning mandates create sustainable connections to public transit. Such regulations not only protect the local economy but also cultivate vibrant city centers replete with varied shopping experiences.
The remnants of a bygone community-centric commerce model still linger in European cities, revealing that vibrant urban environments enhance quality of life and social mobility.