Part 2/10:
EUV lithography is essential for semiconductor manufacturing, enabling the creation of the tiny, powerful chips that drive everything from smartphones and computers to artificial intelligence (AI) systems and autonomous vehicles. The core of this technology relies on a highly precise laser light source that operates at an incredibly short wavelength of 13.5 nanometers. Until recently, few companies could master the complexities of EUV machines, but Russia's recent entry into this competitive field could shift the existing balance of power in semiconductor production.