Part 4/7:
One of the most pivotal contributions to this field came from Juan Maldacena, whose work in the late 1990s introduced the concept of a universe within a box, often referred to as anti-de Sitter space. His findings showed that a gravity-filled universe inside this "box" has an equivalent description on its boundary without gravity.
This theoretical equivalence suggests that the interior universe acts as a holographic projection of a border devoid of gravity, leading to a groundbreaking understanding that information cannot be lost in these systems. This resolves the paradox regarding information loss associated with black holes and posits that information retains its integrity even in the existence of gravitational forces.