Part 9/10:
Lenin’s transformative vision carved out the very foundations of the Soviet state, albeit through diverse means that contributed to a prevailing culture of repression and authoritarianism. Despite his emancipatory aspirations, the violent tactics he employed laid the groundwork for Stalinism, a development that belied the promises of liberation and equality.
In his later years, health issues prompted Lenin to retire partly from active politics, during which he began drafting what would become his "Last Testament". In it, he warned against rising figures within the Communist Party, notably cautioning against Joseph Stalin, whose future actions would starkly contrast Lenin’s foundational ideals.