Part 2/12:
The fundamental challenge, as outlined, is how to ensure that the 6.5 billion people who are not yet affluent can achieve a good quality of life by the end of the century. This goal is intertwined with the urgent need to address climate change, but the speaker underscores that drastic restrictions—like forceful reductions in resource consumption—are unlikely to be politically enforceable, especially in countries like China, India, and across Africa. These nations represent the bulk of the world’s population, and their participation is crucial.