Part 6/13:
In stark contrast, modern secular legal systems operate under what is called positivist law. This perspective suggests that law is invented by those in power—an edifice of rules created by human authority without necessarily referencing divine or moral foundations. Laws, in this view, are positively enacted, often benefiting a political or economic elite—the "permanent political class"—who set the rules that often do not apply equally to the powerful. This shift undermines the notion of moral law as discoverable truth and instead promotes a system where laws are tools for maintaining power and control.