Part 3/13:
In parallel, access to computational infrastructure remains limited. While approximately 24 countries have some capacity to build frontier models, actual infrastructure is concentrated among a few, predominantly supplied by companies like Nvidia, which accounts for about 95% of the GPU hardware used globally. Access is uneven, with certain nations, especially the US, benefiting from policies like the now-abolished Diffusion Act, which prioritized US-based and allied country access to GPU resources.