Part 5/13:
Similarly, natural language processing (NLP) was once a daunting challenge. Humans use idioms, humor, and subtle context, making language understanding difficult for early AI. The advent of projects like ELIZA in 1965—simple chatbots capable of basic conversation—and the more advanced Watson system in 2011, which won Jeopardy!, demonstrated remarkable progress. Today's chatbots interpret nuanced language, idioms, humor, and even infer user moods, making interactions seem genuinely intelligent.