Part 3/16:
Opposing him was Andrey Markov, called "Andrey the Furious." An atheist skeptical of Nekrasov’s religious interpretations, Markov insisted that the law of large numbers did not require independence of events and could apply to dependent processes like language and social behavior. His critical insight was that probability could be meaningfully applied even when events influence each other—paving the way for models of dependent phenomena.