Part 2/12:
The Earth's magnetic field originates from the liquid outer core—primarily composed of iron and nickel—where convective movements generate electrical currents through the geodynamo process. These currents create magnetic field lines that extend far into space, forming the magnetosphere. Ideally, this magnetic shield would be perfectly aligned with Earth's rotational axis and uniform across all regions. However, in reality, its axis is tilted by about 11° and shifts constantly, exhibiting dramatic movements over recent decades.
One notable feature of the magnetosphere is the offset between the magnetic axis and Earth's geographic pole. This offset contributes to certain irregularities, including localized weakened regions such as the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA).