Part 5/12:
Advancements in satellite technology, particularly the European Space Agency's Swarm constellation launched in 2013, have provided unprecedented high-resolution data about Earth's magnetic field. These satellites—comprising three units named Alpha, Bravo, and Charlie—allow scientists to monitor the magnetic field globally from 2014 onward.
Between 2014 and 2025, researchers observed a dramatic expansion of the SAA. The region with the weakest magnetic field—below 26,000 nanotesla—expanded by approximately 0.9% of Earth's surface area, roughly half the size of continental Europe, in just 11 years. Concurrently, the minimum magnetic intensity within the anomaly declined by about 336 nanotesla.