Part 11/14:
The observed alignments in galaxy spins and quasar orientations can also be explained without invoking black holes or a rotating universe. They match predictions from the cosmic web—the large-scale structure of matter in the universe, which guides galaxy formation and motion. As galaxies and quasars flow along the filamentary structure of this web, their spins naturally become aligned, similar to particles flowing downstream in a river.
Modern measurements of the cosmic microwave background and galaxy distributions have not revealed the signs expected if the universe was a rotating black hole, further supporting the standard cosmological model.