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Similarly, Putin’s choice to attend remotely stems from legal complications. An ICC arrest warrant against him for alleged war crimes complicates his travel plans; Brazil, as an ICC member, would be obliged to arrest him if he arrived. Despite this, Putin has previously dismissed the legal risks, considering his broader strategic posture.
The Future of BRICS
This summit, intended to showcase the strength of the emerging bloc—including Russia, China, India, and Iran—risks appearing fragmented. The absence of the two leaders, especially Xi Jinping, undermines the optics of unity at a time when their countries are seeking to challenge the global order dominated by the United States and Western institutions.