Part 4/14:
The history of Russian involvement in Syria—marked by brutal campaigns and indiscriminate bombings—adds layers of mistrust to any negotiations with the current rebel groups. The rebels have avoided attacking Russian-held targets so far, perhaps signaling a willingness to explore alliances that could allow them to leverage Moscow for their own political aims. As Syria transitions toward a more civilian-led government, Moscow faces an uncertain future, trying to balance strategic interests with the risks of further alienation and loss of influence.