Part 3/11:
By the turn of the 20th century, the Guggenheim family controlled major steel, refining, and mining operations, surpassing competitors supported by industrial giants like Rockefeller. Under Daniel’s leadership after his father’s death in 1905, the family’s conglomerate expanded substantially, extracting resources from Bolivia, Yukon, Congo, Angola, Alaska, Utah, and Chile, reaching a net worth estimated between $250 and $300 million by 1918 — making them among the richest families worldwide.