Part 5/17:
Understanding the mechanics of nuclear energy reveals its advantages. Nuclear power exploits atomic physics by splitting atoms—fission—to release enormous amounts of energy. A typical nuclear reactor involves ceramic uranium fuel inserted into rods, which, when water circulates over them, initiates the nuclear reaction and generates heat. This heat produces steam that drives turbines, generating electricity.
Despite misconceptions, the core reactor components are mostly consistent with existing industrial materials, such as steel, ceramics, and water—a supply chain that has been well-established for over a century. However, the current nuclear landscape is hamstrung by aging infrastructure, regulatory hurdles, and high construction costs, which inflate prices and slow deployment.