Part 2/16:
Prior to the Gaza conflict escalation, negotiations were already underway. In September, reports indicated that Riyadh was exploring a defense pact with the United States and assistance in developing a civilian nuclear program. Recognizing Israel was part of this broader strategic calculus. The breakdown of these negotiations was primarily triggered by Hamas's brutal attack on October 7th and Israel’s military response, actions that Iran, a known supporter of Hamas, eager to derail any rapprochement, strongly opposed.