Part 6/14:
The core of the technical discussion lies in computational complexity—a branch of mathematics that explores tractability, provability, and decidability. To make sense of these:
Tractability refers to whether a problem is solvable within a reasonable timeframe.
Intractability indicates problems so complex that solving them is practically impossible with current resources—like simulating the entire universe at the atomic level.
Provability involves whether we can mathematically prove that a given solution or statement is true or false. Certain mathematical propositions are true but not provable within our current systems (related to Gödel's incompleteness theorems).