Part 12/13:
Approaches like "benevolent by design" focus on programming AI with fundamental principles—not just goal optimization but ethics, cooperation, and intrinsic alignment.
This way, even if the AI surpasses human intelligence, it would continue to adhere to values we deem essential.
Final Thoughts: Reason for Optimism
Shapiro’s conclusion is optimistic:
The control problem, while urgent, is addressable with existing technology and strategic governance.
International collaboration, technological safeguards, and value-aligned AI development form a multi-layered defense.
The biggest threats come from rogue states or malicious actors with insufficient resources and expertise—not from some rogue AI spontaneously appearing.