Part 11/16:
Shapiro is critical of Western philosophy, claiming it has produced little meaningful progress on understanding consciousness over the last century. In contrast, he praises Eastern philosophies—like Vedanta, Buddhism, Taoism—for their deep insights, developed over thousands of years, into the nature of reality, consciousness, and suffering.
He states that much of modern cosmology and quantum physics can resemble ancient spiritual teachings, and that these perspectives may hold keys to understanding consciousness beyond the reductionist view.