Part 5/15:
Creating such a hand requires designing custom actuators—the motors, gearboxes, and electronic controls—that are not available off-the-shelf. These components are so specialized that Tesla has had to develop them from scratch, relying on an understanding rooted in physics rather than existing supply chains. This vertical integration reflects Musk’s broader strategy: Tesla is building every part of the supply chain from the ground up, including custom robotics hardware, to ensure scalability and quality.