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Under U.S. law, the government can designate foreign organizations as terrorist entities, which imposes significant legal and financial sanctions. For domestic groups, however, the legal pathway is less clear. The primary concern stems from the fact that Antifa lacks a centralized leadership structure, often operating as a decentralized social movement rather than a traditional hierarchical organization.
This decentralized nature makes it difficult to target through conventional measures used against groups like MS-13 or Hamas, which have clear leadership and operational hierarchies. Experts highlight that such a designation might require creating new legal frameworks, as domestic organizations do not automatically fall under the same statutes as foreign terrorist groups.