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One of the most pressing questions is: where do these groups fit within Mexico's broader criminal ecosystem? Are they elite cartel enforcers, or do they operate independently? The image of hooded gunmen with military-style gear suggests a level of sophistication, but it doesn’t necessarily equate to command from a top cartel leader.
It is unlikely that these armed individuals are the highest echelons of cartel hierarchy. Instead, they may occupy a specialized niche—serving as enforcers or security forces for larger criminal organizations, or perhaps operating as independent actors. Their attire and weaponry indicate a level of organization and professionalism, but it remains ambiguous whether they are directly linked to prominent cartels or are freelance operators flexing their force.