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The process begins with taking a small sample of the patient's tumor. This tissue is then genetically sequenced to identify the unique mutations and antigens present. Based on this genetic blueprint, a custom mRNA vaccine is manufactured. This vaccine essentially acts as a genetic map that educates the patient's immune system, telling it precisely what to target.
Once administered, the mRNA vaccine prompts immune cells to recognize and attack the cancer cells harboring those specific genetic features. Since cancer cells often evade detection by hiding or mimicking normal tissue, empowering the immune system to distinctly identify and attack the tumor represents a promising strategy in oncology.