Part 8/20:
Japan’s investment in overseas mining and refining was driven by necessity, with the government heavily subsidizing projects in Australia, Mongolia, and beyond. These efforts aimed to transform Japan into a resilient leader in the global rare earth supply chain, emphasizing recycling, technological innovation, and strategic stockpiling—lessons that other nations increasingly acknowledge.
The Diverse and Complex Supply Chain: Southeast Asia and Australia's Growing Role
In Southeast Asia, countries such as Malaysia are positioning themselves as key players in the rare earth industry. Malaysia, home to the Lionus plant—operating for over a decade—has become the second-largest source of refined rare earths outside China, supplying an estimated 4% of global production and 13% of U.S. demand.