Part 8/12:
On the other hand, supporters contend that in a culture rooted in kinship and tradition, familial political engagement can foster stability and continuity. They argue that capable individuals from powerful families can act as effective leaders, and that democratic mechanisms will still function as long as voters retain agency.
Yet, in recent years, evidence suggests democratic processes are strained. The 1998 Reformasi era promised a transition to liberal democracy, aiming to eradicate Suharto-era cronyism. While Indonesia has held regular elections and strengthened civil liberties, the overrepresentation of families in parliament and government reveals the resilience of elite networks.