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However, achieving full self-reliance in critical sectors remains a long-term endeavor. A confidential document from 2022 indicates a goal for state-owned firms to replace foreign tech with domestically developed alternatives by 2027. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the urgency of these efforts, prompting China to embark on this path to mitigate supply chain vulnerabilities.
International Dynamics: Facing Overcapacity and Trade Tensions
While China aims for technological independence, overcapacity in sectors like electric vehicles (EVs), solar panels, and batteries has drawn scrutiny from Western governments. The EU and US have launched investigations into Chinese subsidies and market practices, claiming they distort global markets.