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Despite optimistic projections, hurdles remain. Critics argue that vaccine passports could foster discrimination against those not vaccinated, especially given vaccine scarcity and uneven access. Countries like France and Belgium have voiced fears over potential violations of personal freedoms, with privacy advocates raising alarms about data security and misuse. The EU has assured that no central database will be created and that personal data will be securely protected, but safeguards need to be robust to prevent breaches.