Part 3/11:
These bot accounts displayed distinctive characteristics: predominantly alphanumerical handles, identical speech patterns, and a lack of followers—classic signs of automated activity. Such tools are readily available; for as little as $30, anyone can purchase software from the dark web to deploy armies of bots capable of amplifying specific narratives. In Indonesia, a thriving industry of "buzzers"—paid operators who run fake accounts—has emerged, illustrating how political actors manipulate social media to sway public perception.