Part 9/13:
Recent sophisticated simulations propose that the truth may involve both impact and tidal effects. A major impact early in Venus's history might have drastically slowed its rotation, making it vulnerable to the long-term influence of atmospheric and gravitational tides that further shifted its spin into the current retrograde state. This combined hybrid model aligns better with observational data, including the planet's slow rotation and lack of large impact scars—possibly the debris from the initial collision was minimal or has since been erased.