Part 6/12:
The Juno spacecraft, launched in 2011 primarily to study Jupiter’s internal structure and magnetic field, also contributed valuable insights about Europa. Arriving at Jupiter in 2016, Juno's instruments revealed thermal variations on Europa's surface indicative of recent geological activity and possibly pockets of liquid water closer to the surface. Its detailed magnetic studies suggested that Europa's subsurface ocean is not just a small pond but a global saltwater ocean capable of conducting electricity.
Why Can't We Go There Yet?
Despite knowing that Europa’s hidden ocean might harbor conditions suitable for life, multiple formidable challenges prevent human exploration: