Part 2/16:
Today, she argues, a similar craze can be observed, but with a crucial difference: the underlying infrastructure and technological foundations are now mature. "Back then, the technology wasn't ready," she explains, highlighting that broadband didn't arrive until 2006, deep learning wasn't viable until 2012, and transformer architectures only emerged in 2017. This meant many investments went bust because the essential building blocks simply didn't exist at the time.