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Countries Expanding Nuclear Capabilities

Some countries that have been adding or developing nuclear warheads include:

  • India: increasing its nuclear arsenal, with estimates suggesting around 150 warheads
  • Pakistan: expanding its nuclear capabilities, with around 160 warheads
  • North Korea: developing its nuclear program, with estimates suggesting around 30-50 warheads
  • Israel: believed to have a nuclear arsenal, although the exact number of warheads is not publicly known

Modernization Efforts

These countries, along with others, are modernizing their nuclear forces, including the development of new missiles, submarines, and bombers.

What does it mean to be modernizing the nuclear forces? What do countries do?

Modernizing Nuclear Forces

Modernizing nuclear forces involves upgrading capabilities, including:

  • New missile systems
  • Submarine and bomber upgrades
  • Warhead upgrades
  • Command and control systems
  • Infrastructure and logistics

Goals include maintaining deterrence, improving survivability, and reducing costs. Examples: US GBSD, Russia's RS-28 Sarmat, China's Dongfeng-41.