Challenges:
Engineering Feats: Building a Dyson Swarm requires materials and energy manipulation far beyond current capabilities.
Interstellar Travel: The vast distances between stars pose logistical and energetic barriers, even with advanced propulsion.
Social Cohesion: Managing a civilization across multiple planets or star systems could lead to fragmentation or new forms of governance.
Timeline: Assuming steady progress, humanity might begin transitioning to Type II in 500–1,000 years, though speculative technologies could accelerate or delay this.