When mechanical stress is applied to certain materials, they heat up, and when the stress is relieved, they cool down. This process, known as elastocaloric cooling, uses materials that are not harmful to individuals or the environment. Unlike traditional refrigerants, elastocaloric materials like nitinol—commonly used in medicine due to their biocompatibility—offer a safer alternative. In theory, this technology could be significantly more efficient, though it is still in the development phase.
The scientists note that their prototype is currently at 15% of its maximum efficiency, while vapor compression technology typically operates at 20-30% efficiency. However, since their technology has been in development for less than 10 years, researchers believe there is still plenty of room for improvement.