Hydrogels are complex polymers that become jelly like when hydrated -- gelatin and agar are natural examples. In this case, the researchers used an "electro-active polymer," meaning a hydrogel that can respond to electrical stimulation thanks to the presence of ions (charged particles) in the media surrounding its polymer matrix. When the hydrogel is electrically stimulated, the ions move, dragging water molecules with them, and this movement causes the hydrogel to temporarily change shape.
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