Oliver Selfridge publishes his paper "Pandemonium: A paradigm for learning."5 His pandemonium model proposed a system in which various "demons" (processing units) work together to recognize patterns. The demons compete to identify features in data that has not been preprogrammed, simulating unsupervised learning. Selfridge's model is an early contribution to pattern recognition, influencing future developments in machine vision and AI.
John McCarthy introduces the concept of the Advice Taker in his paper "Programs with Common Sense."6 This program aims to solve problems by manipulating sentences in formal logic, laying the groundwork for reasoning in AI. McCarthy envisions a system that can understand instructions, reason with common-sense knowledge and learn from experience, with the long-term goal of developing AI that can adapt and learn as effectively as humans. This concept helps shape early research in knowledge representation and automated reasoning.