According to Zhao, the bees maintained normal flight behavior even with the PEH attached, quickly recovering from flips within two seconds and hovering with ease, thus demonstrating minimal biomechanical disruption. However, although the harvester shows strong performance in energy density and biocompatibility, challenges in energy storage and scalability still need to be addressed.
“Future work will focus on integrating energy management circuits and expanding this methodology to other flying insects, such as dragonflies and butterflies, to establish standardized energy solutions for biohybrid systems,” the researchers concluded.