Joseph Weizenbaum develops ELIZA,9 a program that mimics human conversation by responding to typed input in natural language. Although Weizenbaum intends to show the superficiality of human-computer communication, he is surprised by how many users attributed human-like emotions to the program, raising ethical questions about AI and human interaction.
Edward Feigenbaum, Bruce Buchanan, Joshua Lederberg and Carl Djerassi developed DENDRAL at Stanford University.10 It is the first expert system to automate the decision-making process of organic chemists by simulating hypothesis formation. DENDRAL's success marks an advance in AI, demonstrating how systems can perform specialized tasks as well as or better than human experts.