In a matter of time, this week, all of us already know about COVID-19 and the virus that causes it: SARS-CoV-2. While out there also spread a lot of news about a lot of news about this virus increasing, many are unclear about its origin.
What animal species is this virus from? Bats, pangolins, what other liars? Where did you come from? From a cave or forest in Hubei Province, China or somewhere else?
In December 2019, 27 of the 41 people who entered the hospital (66%) passed through a market located in the heart of Wuhan in Hubei Province, China. However, for a study that was tried at Wuhan Hospital, the initial person who identified this virus would not go to the market. Instead, a molecular date originated when the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence tested if the virus appeared in November. It tells about the bond between the COVID-19 pandemic and the liar animal.
The SARS-CoV-2 genome again by lightning was sorted by Chinese researchers. There are close to 30,000 basic RNA molecules that have 15 genera, determined by the S genus that contain proteins associated with viruses outside the virus (like related, our genome consists of a double spiral DNA with a 3 billion dimensional basis and has close to 30,000 genera).
Genomic analysis has shown that SARS-CoV-2 from the Betacoronavirus group is very close to SARS-CoV, which is responsible for making the pandemic pneumonia sticking out in November 2002 in Guandong Province in China and also shifting to 29 countries in 2003. Total 8. 098 consideration taken, approved 774 deaths.
It is known that bats of the genus Rhinolophus (possibly some species of cave) that gave rise to this virus and carnivores which increased slightly, palm civets (Paguma larvata) may be an animal barrier for bats and also new humans.
Since then many Betacoronaviruses have been found, usually in bats, but also in humans. For example RaTG13, limited to a bat of the Rhinolophus affinis species found in China's Yunnan Province, has recently been thought to be very similar to SARS-CoV-2, with genome sequences that resemble up to 96%. These results indicate that for bats, species specifically of the genus Rhinolophus become reservoirs of the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses.
But how do we define a reservoir? A reservoir is one or a number of animal species that are not or are not very sensitive to viruses, which conclusions naturally become carriers of one or a portion of the virus. The absence of signs of the disease can be explained by their energy-resistant energy efficiency, which makes them able to fight the development of a very large number of viruses.
On 7 February 2020, we recognized that a virus very similar to SARS-CoV-2 had been found in the pangolins. With a 99% genome match report, this means there may be more reservoirs not just bats.
However, another ongoing study shows that the genomes of coronaviruses in the pangolin Malaysia (Manis javanica) have little in common with SARS-Cov-2, with only a genome match of 90%. This indicates that the virus in the pangolin does not cause a COVID-19 pandemic which is spreading lightning.
Even so, coronaviruses derived from pangolins have 99% similarity in a specific area for protein S, which matches 74 amino acids in Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE) domain binding receptors, which cause viruses to encroach human cells to infect them. .
In contrast, the RaTG13 virus originating from the R. affinis bat is very different in specific areas (only 77% in common). This means that if coronaviruses are isolated or derived from pangolins capable of reaching human cells, on the contrary coronaviruses originating from R. affinis bats are unable to carry them out.
In addition, this genomic comparison says that the SARS-Cov-2 virus is produced from a recombination between 2 different species, one close to RaTG13 and the other close to the virus from the anteater. In other words, this is a combination of 2 viruses that already exist.
This recombination mechanism is already present in a variety of coronaviruses, specifically for banning the origin of SARS-CoV. This means that it is known that recombination results in a new virus have the potential to infect a new species container. For recombination to occur, two different viruses must infect the same organism at the same time.
2 issues are always unanswered: in which organisms is this recombination intertwined (A bat, anteater or other species?) And, which means again, under what circumstances is this recombination intertwined?