There are three fundamental techniques used to remove nitrates from drinking water:
- A high affinity ion exchanger for nitrate ions.
- The Bioprocess.
- Nanofiltration (NF).
1- Removing nitrate ions using an ion exchanger:
The rise of the polymer industry on the one hand, and the growing need to remove nitrates and metal contaminants from water on the other, led to an increase in the usage of ion exchange technology in drinking water treatment, for example, in the 1980s, it was discovered that the content of nitrates in surface water supplying drinking water production facilities in some European countries got up. As a result, the ion exchange method was one of the suggested methods as a result of scientific researches studies aimed at determining the best solution. However, this technique was previously unusable in drinking water treatment plants due to the release of hazardous organic particles and the removal of other negative ions that are desired to remain in drinking water, but it became feasible to use this process to purify drinking water after the development of specific polymers that have a high affinity for nitrate ions and do not create unsafe organic substances.
2- Biological process for removing nitrate:
The biological method of treating nitrates requires the Pseudomonas bacterium type, which results in a decomposition of nitrates and the generation of gaseous nitrogen. The conversion of organic carbon can provide the vital energy that these bacteria necessitate, the aqueous medium to be treated is supplemented with ethanol, methanol, or acetic acid as well as a tiny quantity of phosphate salts in the event that there are no organic contaminants present in the medium.
3- Nitrate removal by nanofiltration:
This technique eliminates around 45% of the nitrates and is financially viable.
Diagram showing rejection mechanisms that prevent solutes from entering the pores in nanofiltration.
Although this procedure also eliminates sulphates and pesticides, it is necessary that the turbidity be properly reduced before the filtering process.
References:
- [Introduction to Water Chemistry (Pollution- Treatment- Analysis). Dr. Nasser Al-Hayek. Publication of the Higher Institute for Applied Sciences and Technology (HIAST). Syrian Arab Republic, 2017.]
- Taparhudee, Wara (2002). "Applications of Paddle Wheel Aerators and Diffused-Air System in Closed Cycle Shrimp Farm System" (PDF). Witthayasan Kasetsart (Sakha Witthayasat). 36: 408–419. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
- Unsafe water kills more people than war, Ban says on World Day". UN News. 22 March 2010. Retrieved 10 May 2018
- Raymond Desjardins- Livre: Le traitement des eaux- 2éme edition- Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal- 1997- ISBN 2-553-00643-8
- Drinking Water Treatment- EDX- Delft University of Technology.
- Book- Drinking Water: Principles and Practices- by Hans J C Van Dijk (Author), Jasper Q J C Verberk (Author), Peter J De Moel.
Are these water treatment method still in place in our contemporary age
Sorry for the late reply
Of course, these methods are used, and the method is chosen as we mentioned, according to the quality of the raw water (the source), the use of treated water (drinking, industry...etc), and the economic cost.
my regards
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