In the 2010 movie A Space Odyssey, where the aliens or the most advanced extraterrestrial civilization filled Jupiter with monoliths to terraform it into a star, because many think that Jupiter is a failed star, no, Jupiter is a gas giant, a gas giant of acceptable size, it is not even one of the largest among the planets that we are finding in the galaxy, there are much larger gas giants.
For Jupiter to become a brown dwarf (the smallest type of star that exists) and begin to fuse deuterium, it would need about 13 to 15 times its mass and there is not that much mass in the solar system to achieve that, outside of the Sun and Jupiter there are about four or five solar masses uniting everything, the Earth, Venus, Mars, the rest of the planets, the rest of the moons, comets, objects of all kinds that are out there, if you put them together All in all, the calculation is that it adds up to about four to five Jupiter masses.
So, even if it ate everything outside the Sun, Jupiter would not become a brown dwarf either, and to become a red dwarf, which would already be a “normal star,” it would need 80 times its mass, so no.
Yes, 2010 A Space Odyssey is very beautiful, very poetic, because then with the light of that star, Europa would thaw on the Moon and there could be life, floating islands and these things and it will not be, not in the real universe, it would be something disastrous and horrifying from the outset, the heat would certainly melt the ice of Europa, Ganymede and Callisto; Not because it does not have ice, it is a volcanic moon, I am referring to the large moons, those that can have a respectable mass.
They would become small ocean worlds because they have a lot of water ice, there would be no solid surface, but an ocean perhaps more than 100 km deep, that is in theory.
In practice, if Jupiter had enough mass to simply be a brown dwarf, it would also have much more gravitational gravity, it would throw the Earth out of the solar system or it could throw them towards the Sun, in short, transforming Jupiter into a star would be a disaster, better to leave it as it is because from the start Jupiter is a wonderful shield, it eats comets or throws them out of the solar system.
Jupiter transforms comets into interstellar objects, which prevents many comets from ending up impacting the Earth, it is a protective shield from comets that come from beyond the Kuiiper belt or the Oort cloud.
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