The theory of planet 9, also called planet C, proposes the existence of an undiscovered planet at the edge of the solar system, beyond the Kuiiper belt and, of course, far beyond the orbit of Neptune.
The Planet 9 theory was formally proposed in 2016 by astronomers Michael Brown and Konstantin Batygin of the California Institute of Technology. The idea arose from observations of anomalies, anomalies are important, they give us clues, they are the cracks in reality through which we can investigate and discover new things, in this case, the anomalies were in the orbits of many trans-Neptunian objects that were being discovered, and this led to the idea of these two researchers that these objects that had unusual orbits had to be because their orbit had been altered by the existence of a planet.
There are other theories that claim that these orbits could have been altered by the existence, for example, of a primordial black hole, but of course, we know what a planet is, but we have not yet discovered a primordial black hole, this theory of the primordial black hole because it also came out a couple of years ago, and there are also those who defend the theory that these orbits were disrupted due to the passage of stars close to the solar system, but this theory has a small hole, and the passage of a star is an event located in time, which means It would alter the orbit of some objects, but not so many and so distant.
We are talking about objects that may take thousands of years to make their orbit, that is, the year that that object orbits the sun may take several thousand years, so, okay, a star passes close to the solar system, altering one's orbit, but of course, the other object was much further away and could not have altered it and this leads to the conclusion, those who defend the existence of a planet, that in order to make these alterations there must be an object permanently in that area of the solar system.
Of course, it would be a planet that would be circling the Sun calmly and peacefully and would never approach the region of the inner planets like the Earth. If discovered, it would be the answer to what happened to the super-Earths of the solar system. Super-Earths are planets, as their name indicates, larger than the Earth, from one and a half or two times, depending on the range, to about six, seven, eight times larger than the Earth.
They are rocky planets, if they were in the habitable zone, they could perfectly have water, atmosphere, seas, rivers. They would be like an earth, but with asteroids, in fact, researchers believe that super-earths have more options to have life than our planet Earth, that they are more potentially habitable than our planet, because, for example, the case of the extinction of the dinosaurs, that impact of that asteroid in chicxulub on a super-earth would not have caused a mass extinction, it would have caused a regional extinction on a continent of that super-earth, but the rest of life would continue to function on the rest of the planet, since the surface of A super-Earth can be five, six or eight times larger than Earth and can therefore withstand larger impacts.
The fact that it is a super-Earth and that it has more mass than the Earth does not mean that it has much more gravity, gravity depends on density, in fact, there are some super-Earths discovered that have a gravity similar to Earth's, because they have calculated their mass and the question of what happened to the super-Earths in the solar system is pertinent because of the 6,000 exoplanets discovered, about 1,300 are super-Earths, that is, it is a very abundant type of planet in the universe. How come we don't have any?
There are those who theorize that we do not have any because when Jupiter moved from its point of creation, Jupiter was formed further from the sun than it is currently on that trip that placed it in the position it is now and luckily it did not continue, it must have eaten a few super-Earths and perhaps launched some to the outermost regions of the solar system and that is where the theory of planet number nine comes in, which could be one of those super-Earths launched to those outer regions of the solar system.
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Is it possible for a super-earth with low density and earth-like gravity to have a mobile enough core to generate a magnetic field?